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Planning Guidance: Project Manager
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Institute for Water Resources Much of the literature regarding Shared Vision Planning (or other forms of Computer-Aided Dispute Resolution) focuses on the characteristics of the computer model developed during the process, on related technical studies, and on the evaluation of alternatives. This report looks instead at the process followed during Shared Vision Planning by analyzing the processes used in a number of published Shared Vision Planning cases. Of particular interest are the types and mechanisms for stakeholder involvement in developing and using the model. The US Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources (IWR) is a proponent of Shared Vision Planning. This analysis focuses primarily on Shared Vision Planning cases posted on IWR's Shared Vision Planning website or included in the handout materials for a 2007 workshop on Computer-Aided Dispute Resolution. A few additional cases have been added from cases described in a literature review prepared for IWR by CDM, which provides a much broader look at the literature regarding use of computer modeling in planning or decision making. The goal of this study is to develop a rational, performance-based analytical instrument that can be used by decision-makers to evaluate, compare, and update the value of several hundred projects maintained by the Corps. Alternative Dispute Resolution The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) began using partnering, a process that seeks to promote dispute prevention, in construction contracts in 1990. Initially, partnering was used primarily in large projects. As of early 1992, COE policy is to develop, promote, and practice partnering on all contracts (Commanders Policy Memorandum #16 on Partnering, February 18, 1992). The use of partnering in small projects, defined as under $3 million for the purposes of this study, varies greatly among districts. Managers of some districts partner all small projects; others have chosen not to expend any resources for small projects partnering. This guide is for managers who must decide whether or not to partner a particular small project. It is written as a deliberative tool to foster thought. The tool will not provide you with a definitive answer to the question of whether or not to partner, but rather will offer guidelines and raise key issues to make informed decisions. The guide is divided into two sections. Section I: "The Decision to Partner," is a how-and-when-to-partner small projects primer. Section II: "Illustrative Case Summaries," provides additional information about when and why COE managers have partnered, or not partnered, small projects. Section I includes a description of partnering, the 'Should I Partner?' tool and an 'If You Decide to Partner' segment. The 'Should I Partner?' tool includes statements to consider relative to a particular small project in the categories of complexity, coordination, and experience. 'The "Should I Partner?" -- annotated segment links the case summaries to the decision points of the tool. 'If You Decide to Partner' describes key decisions to implement partnering, including the use of an internal or external facilitator, the length of the partnering workshop, and the frequency of partnering meetings. If you do decide to partner, this Economic Guidance Memoranda (EGMs) This memorandum provides FY 2000 interest rates. This memorandum provides FY 2000 unit day values. This memorandum provides FY 2000 normalized prices. This memorandum provides FY 2001 unit day values for recreation. FY 2001 interest rates. Normalized prices for years 1995-2000, at state and national level. Provides data used in the economic evaluation of Corps of Engineers projects affecting agriculture. Provides federal discount rate. State and county income index data, eligibility factor formula. FY 2002 unit day values for recreation. This memorandum provides normalized prices for years 1997-2002, at both state and national levels. This memorandum provides federal discount rate. FY 2003 unit day values for recreation. FY 2004 interest and discount rates. FY 2004 unit day values for recreation. Notice of the availability of normalized agricultural prices from the USDA. This memorandum provides FY2005 normalized agricultural prices. This memorandum provides FY2005 per capita personal income index data and the current eligibility factor formula. FY 2005 interest and discount rates. FY 2005 unit day values for recreation. This memorandum provides FY2006 normalized agricultural prices. FY 2006 interest and discount rates. FY 2006 unit day values for recreation. FY 2007 interest and discount rates. This memorandum provides FY2007 normalized agricultural prices. FY 2007 unit day values for recreation. State and county income index data and the eligibility factor formula for FY2007. Provides information on Federal interest rates. FY 2008 unit day values for recreation. This memorandum provides FY2008 normalized agricultural prices. State and county income index data and the eligibility factor formula for FY2008. Provides information on Federal interest rates This memorandum provides a data link used in the economic evaluation of Corps of Engineers projects affecting agriculture. FY 2009 unit day values for recreation. State and county income index data and eligibility factor formula for FY2009. FY 2010 interest and discount rates. This memorandum provides current (Oct 2009) normalized prices. This memorandum provides FY 2010 unit day values for recreation. This memorandum provides guidance on FY 2011 Federal interest rates for Corps of Engineers projects. This memorandum provides guidance on current (Nov 2010) normalized prices. This memorandum provides guidance on FY 2011 unit day values for recreation. This memorandum provides information on Federal interest rates. This memorandum provides FY 1998 unit day values for recreation. This memorandum provides FY 1999 interest and discount rates. This memorandum provides FY 1999 unit day values for recreation. Engineer Circulars (ECs) This circular establishes the process and the requirements for assuring the quality of planning models. Per Planning Bulletin 2013-02 (March 2013), EC 1105-2-412 remains in effect until permanent planning model guidance is issued. The Assuring Quality of Planning Models: EC 1105-2-412 Rollout Webinar provides an overview of the EC. Note: This EC has since been modified by the Modification of the Model Certification Process and Model Approval for Use (4 December 2017) and Delegation of Model Certification (11 May 2018) memos from the Director of Civil Works. Engineer Manuals (EMs) This manual presents policy and guidance for the acquisition, processing, storage, distribution, and utilization of nontactical geospatial data throughout the USACE. Engineer Pamphlets (EPs) Engineer Pamphlet describes activities necessary to design and prepare a Hydrologic Engineering Study for a Corps water resource investigation. Appendix E of the Water Resources Policies and Authorities Digest lists interagency agreements related to water resources (as of 1999). A summary of Corps administrative and legislative water resources policies and authorities. Engineer Pamphlet lists references in "Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities." Engineer Pamphlet lists pertinent legislation in "Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities." Engineer Pamphlet lists pertinent executive orders in the "Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities." Engineer Pamphlet lists Office of Management and Budget Circulars in the "Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities." Engineer Pamphlet provides an index for "Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities." Engineer Pamphlet discusses federal responsibility and authority in water resources policy. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet discusses the roles of the three branches of federal government and federal agencies in water resources. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides information on the policies that guide Corps decision making and policy making. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities. Engineer Pamphlet includes goals and objectives for the Civil Works Program, organizational structure, management and administrative controls, and financial resource management. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides an in-depth look at how the Corps conducts studies. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides an in-depth look at how cost sharing and repayment applies to different types of Corps projects. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet describes preauthorization planning reports and the authorization and deauthorization process. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides information on Corps program development, appropriation, project classification, and project funding. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet covers preconstruction engineering and design (PED) studies and agreements, project modification, design sizing of projects, aesthetic treatment and environmental design, and employment requirements. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides a detailed look at all facets of Corps project construction. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides a detailed look at many facets of Corps project management. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet describes the Corps' role in navigation, federal policies covering navigation, and the construction aspects of navigation projects. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet discusses federal recreation policy and philosophy, different types of recreation projects, project evaluation, and project finance. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet discusses ecosystem restoration, environmental authorities within WRDA, wetland policy, other applicable federal policies, and project management. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Aquatic plant control program management. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides approval authorities, categories, and examples of work. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet provides information on environmental programs, natural lands, hydroelectric power, and legislation outside Corps authority. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Regulations (ERs) This appendix provides the references for Engineer Regulation 1105-2-100: Planning Guidance Notebook This appendix provides policy and planning guidance for project purposes of navigation, flood damage reduction, hurricane and storm damage reduction (shore protection), ecosystem restoration, hydroelectric power, recreation, water supply and multiple purpose projects. This appendix provides guidance and procedures for the management and conduct of planning studies, activities, and programs. Contains information on Project Management Plans, Independent Technical Review, and Risk Management. This regulation describes how to acquire geospatial data, how to implement geospatial data technology, reduce data duplication, and how to comply with Executive Order (EO) 12906, and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-16. This regulation defines engineering responsibilities, requirements, and procedures during the design, construction, and operations phases. This regulation prescribes the policy and procedure for approval and technical supervision of coastal, hydraulic, and hydrologic studies related to planning, design, construction, and operation of projects. This regulation defines the scope, authorities, and management requirements for hydrologic engineering activities within the Corps of Engineers. This regulation states the objective, outlines the scope, discusses funding, assigns responsibility, and establishes the procedures by which the Corps of Engineers (CE) evaluates civil works navigation projects. This regulation provides guidance for proper and accurately referenced materials for flood forecasting, inundation modeling, flood insurance rate maps, navigation charting, and topographic mapping. This ER was later supplemented by Engineer Manual 1110-2-6056: Standards and Procedures for Referencing Project Elevation Grades to Nationwide Vertical Datums (2010). This regulation provides guidance for updating the Civil Works Digital Project Notebook (DPN) using the Internet. This regulation summarizes policy and procedures for identifying the costs of meeting improved standards when highways and housing are relocated due to construction of civil works projects. This regulation provides guidance on the use of available authorities in comparison to the need for new project authorizations. This regulation provides policy guidance regarding Corps interests in civil works projects that would directly serve a single entity. This regulation provides guidance on procedures and responsibilities for developing, submitting and obtaining approval of LCAs for new construction starts (not CAPs). This ER was refined significantly by Policy Guidance Letter No. 44. This regulation provides guidance on issues and problems associated with HTRW, which may be located within project boundaries. This regulation provides guidance on use of Section 215 of the Flood Control Act of 1968, to reimburse non-federal public bodies for construction of part of an authorized federal project. This regulation provides guidance on delegated review and approval of Post-Authorization Decision Documents. This regulation provides guidance on the implementation and integration of the Environmental Operating Principles across management initiatives and business processes. This regulation provides guidance for implementation of the procedural provisions of the NEPA for the Civil Works Program of the USACE. This regulation prescribes policies, procedures and responsibilities for submitting U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) documents to the U.S. Army Publications and Printing Command (USAPPC) for publishing in the Federal Register (FR). This regulation establishes the procedures by which U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) activities will operate under and immediately following one or more Continuing Resolutions. Public Laws The USACE guidance for implementation of the procedural provisions of NEPA for the Civil Works Program (ER 200-2-2) supplements Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations found in the Code of Federal Regulations: 40 CFR 1500-1508, which applies to all federal agencies. Institute for Water Resources The Corps has recognized that there are many implementation issues that need to be addressed if OSE factors are to play a greater role in water resources planning. IWR was directed to provide tools to Corps planners to help integrate OSE analysis into project planning. National Shoreline Management Study The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) has a demanding mission in building and maintaining civil works projects along the coasts and in inland waters of the United States. This mission includes maintaining deep-draft and recreation navigation into harbors and waterways, building projects for coastal storm protection and flood damage reduction, and environmental protection and restoration programs. These projects are based on or influenced by a number of factors, including: (1) Historical settlement and development patterns; (2) Geographical and geological conditions that vary regionally; (3) Increasing pressures of a growing population that inhabits the coasts; (4) Economic factors, such as the fundamental need to maintain navigable ports and waterways. All demographic data point to the fact that the U.S. coastal population will continue to grow. Accordingly, there will be continued demand for infrastructure improvement, storm protection, recreation development, and environmental restoration in the coastal zone. With respect to economic conditions, growing dependence on imported petroleum products means that many ports, especially in the Gulf of Mexico area, will have to be improved to accommodate larger ships. The result will be increased dredging to deepen and maintain the channels. Institute for Water Resources This white paper highlights the challenges and potential approaches when considering these accounts in project planning, particularly with respect to formulation, evaluation, and selection. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed to help inform discussion on this topic, which is believed to be quite relevant given recent WRDA 2007 proposals calling for updates and revisions to the Principles & Guidelines, regulations, and circulars. The paper also identified other issues that may require follow-up study or special attention. HR This document is a joint explanatory statement of the committee of conference; WRDA Statement of Managers. Institute for Water Resources Alternative Dispute Resolution This pamphlet describes mediation, one of a number of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques that the U.S Army Corps of Engineers is using in an effort to reduce the number of disputes requiring litigation. Guidance Memos In accordance with the Corps Actions for Change (ref.la), to more accurately identify and mitigate cost and schedule risk to our customers and Congress, this memorandum directs the use of specific cost risk analysis methods for the development of contingency on Civil Works Total Project Cost. This is applicable for all decision documents requiring Congressional authorization for projects exceeding $40 million. This memorandum provides guidance on the policy applicable to cost-sharing of lands, easements, rights of way, and relocations (LERRs) associated with fish and wildlife mitigation for water resources development projects, including continuing authorities program projects. The guidance will be applied prospectively to ongoing and future pre-authorization and pre-Project Cooperation Agreement (PCA) planning activities. Initiatives to improve accuracy of total project costs in Civil Works feasibility studies requiring Congressional authorization This revision of ER 5-1-11 clearly defines the concept of "project," as well as the work that we undertake that is NOT a project. It also dictates the process for managing non-project work as well as our corporate data. The new ER requires consistent, timely and accurate use of corporate AIS. All USACE programs, to include project and non-project work, will be captured in P2, however the level of detail will be dependent upon the specific program and category of work. This memorandum from the Director of Civil Works emphasizes the need for MSC and District support to the Planning Centers of Expertise. On 8 Feb 2012, Major General Michael Walsh, Deputy Commanding General for Civil and Emergency Operations (DCG-CEO), signed a significant memorandum affecting execution of the USACE CW Feasibility Study Program. The memo sets forth requirements for reclassification and reset of ongoing feasibility studies and conduct of feasibility studies that have not reached the feasibility scoping meeting milestone by 31 December 2011. The purpose of this memorandum is to implement actions to improve our performance in meeting the purposes of the Civil Works Planning Program. It requires all Major Subordinate Commands (MSC) and District Commanders to be more engaged in Planning study execution and strengthening planner capabilities. Webpage Institute for Water Resources This manual provides an overview of basic economic concepts and measures underlying the use of National Economic Development (NED) analysis in civil works planning studies. It was developed to complement the series of separate Procedures Manuals that provide detailed procedural guidance on computing NED benefits for various NED purposes. As the Corps of Engineers strives to improve its planning and decision making, economic analysis is one of its most reliable and important tools. A critical element of successful economic analysis is communication with others in gathering data, making assumptions, developing models, and presenting results. This Economics Primer presents the rudiments of the science of economics and its use in the Corps of Engineers. Alternative Dispute Resolution This pamphlet describes 'non-binding Arbitration,' a private dispute resolution process in which a dispute is submitted to an impartial and neutral person or panel who provides a written, non-binding opinion used as a guide for negotiations towards a settlement. Institute for Water Resources Reviews non-federal financing instruments and revenue sources for water resources projects. Assesses benefits of careful financial analysis and planning for water projects. Reviews financing and cost recovery techniques applicable to each water project purpose. Alternative Dispute Resolution This pamphlet describes the concepts and implementation of an innovative new program, partnering, designed to create a positive, disputes-prevention atmosphere during contract performance. Partnering uses team-building activities to help define common goals, improve communication, and foster a problem-solving attitude among a group of individuals who must work together throughout contract performance. While partnering can be used to improve all kinds of working relationships within the Corps of Engineers, this pamphlet will concentrate on owner/ contractor relations in construction contracts. Institute for Water Resources Collaborative modeling has evolved as an approach to support water resources planning since the Institute for Water Resources (IWR) pioneered the Shared Vision Planning (SVP) approach in the early 1990s through the National Drought Study. To date, however, the benefits of collaborative modeling and similar approaches have not been explicitly evaluated. In 2007, IWR set out to develop performance measures to address this need. This report summarizes the work that has been completed to develop a suite of performance measures. The report presents background information on SVP and collaborative modeling processes, describes the activities conducted to identify performance measures, describes the measures, and discusses methodological considerations for applying the measures retrospectively and prospectively to evaluate the benefits of collaborative modeling in completed and active cases. This handbook explores ways that the Corps District planner can identify opportunities to collaborate throughout all phases of the planning process. The handbook briefly touches on collaborative activities across Federal agencies, at the regional level, and at the project level in order to inform the District planner that these resources are available for use. The handbook also encourages the District planner to initiate collaborative activities with others as appropriate during the planning process to produce plans that cross Federal agency missions and authorities. Cost-sharing among collaborating partners is also discussed. Alternative Dispute Resolution A Core Training Program for US Army Corps of Engineers Planners Institute for Water Resources This document is the starting point for those new to the concept of SVP. The document reviews some of the current challenges in water resources decision making and describes how SVP can overcome these challenges. It defines the major components of SVP (traditional water planning, structured public participation, and an integrated computer model), and then walks through a simple example to give users a sense of how it is applied.
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