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Planning Guidance: Flood Risk Management
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Institute for Water Resources This report is designed to present in some detail the results of successfully applying a land value approach using a multiple linear regression technique to two study areas. The bulk of the monograph is not directed to analyzing the utility of the approach per se, although the strengths and weaknesses are reviewed. The main concern is with a rather detailed exposition of the statistical analysis of areas in the Wabash and Missouri River Basins. In this respect it is written primarily for use at the field levels of the Corps to serve as a guide to the use of the approach in terms of the types of data required, the form of the data for use in the regression model, and the interpretation of the estimated regression model. This report is devoted to evaluating alternative methodologies to the frequency damage procedure for estimating agricultural crop flood control benefits. The Economic Research Service Regional Linear Programming model has been extended to the case of project analysis. The RLP model operates in the same way as a basin-wide firm and estimates the change in production costs (out of pocket cost) as flood protection (and drainage) measures are provided. Efficiency benefits are equal to decreases in production costs, since output is held constant. Critical assumptions and several major empirical problems encountered during the study are discussed. Finally, Part IV is a synopsis of the utility of the land value approach, the regional linear programming approach, and the frequency-damage approach. The object of this research was to assess the current Corps procedures used in the economic evaluation of flood plain relocation and evacuation plans for flood damage mitigation. Based on this assessment, the report offers a theoretically sound framework to evaluate the NED benefits from evacuation and relocation plans. Guidance Memos This policy memorandum establishes the criteria in determining maximum project cost limits for coastal and hurricane storm damage reduction projects involving the placement of sand, sometimes referred to as beach nourishment or shore protection projects. Economic Guidance Memoranda (EGMs) This memorandum provides FY 2000 normalized prices. FY 2000 NFIP operating costs. Summary of NFIP operating costs from FY 1973 through FY 2001. Normalized prices for years 1995-2000, at state and national level. Provides data used in the economic evaluation of Corps of Engineers projects affecting agriculture. NFIP operating costs from FY 1973 to FY 2002. This memorandum provides normalized prices for years 1997-2002, at both state and national levels. This memorandum provides FY 2003 NFIP operating costs. This memorandum provides NFIP operating costs from FY 1973 to FY 2004. Notice of the availability of normalized agricultural prices from the USDA. This memorandum provides FY2005 normalized agricultural prices. FY 2005 NFIP operating costs. This memorandum provides FY2006 normalized agricultural prices. FY 2006 NFIP operating costs. This memorandum provides FY2007 normalized agricultural prices. This memorandum provides FY2008 normalized agricultural prices. This memorandum provides a data link used in the economic evaluation of Corps of Engineers projects affecting agriculture. Guidance for generic vehicle depth-damage curves for flood-risk management studies. This memorandum provides current (Oct 2009) normalized prices. This memorandum provides guidance on current (Nov 2010) normalized prices. This memorandum provides FY 1998 NFIP operating costs. It also shows NFIP costs since 1972. This memorandum provides FY 1999 NFIP operating costs. Policy and Special Studies Program Engineer Circulars (ECs) This circular provides guidance for a comprehensive evaluation of vertical datum on flood control, shore protection, hurricane protection, and navigation projects. Engineer Pamphlets (EPs) Engineer Pamphlet improves the technical expert's skills in communicating information about flood risk to local officials and the public. Engineer Pamphlet describes activities necessary to design and prepare a Hydrologic Engineering Study for a Corps water resource investigation. Engineer Pamphlet provides basic background on flood plain management, including structural and nonstructural measures. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities Engineer Pamphlet discusses federal recreation policy and philosophy, different types of recreation projects, project evaluation, and project finance. Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities This EP identifies floodproofing measures and techniques that can be followed to regulate private and public building construction in riverine flood hazard areas, and provides for a diversity of floodproofing methods and techniques Engineer Regulations (ERs) This appendix provides policy and planning guidance for project purposes of navigation, flood damage reduction, hurricane and storm damage reduction (shore protection), ecosystem restoration, hydroelectric power, recreation, water supply and multiple purpose projects. This regulation prescribes the policy and procedure for approval and technical supervision of coastal, hydraulic, and hydrologic studies related to planning, design, construction, and operation of projects. This regulation provides guidance for proper and accurately referenced materials for flood forecasting, inundation modeling, flood insurance rate maps, navigation charting, and topographic mapping. This ER was later supplemented by Engineer Manual 1110-2-6056: Standards and Procedures for Referencing Project Elevation Grades to Nationwide Vertical Datums (2010). This regulation sets forth hydrologic engineering requirements for selecting and accommodating Inflow Design Floods (IDF) for dams and reservoirs. This regulation provides policy and guidance on management of shorelines of Civil Works projects where 36 CFR Part 327 is applicable. This regulation establishes the policy for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of USACE flood control and related structures at civil works water resource projects and of USACE-built flood protection projects operated and maintained by non-federal sponsors. This regulation states the procedure for reporting requirements of Section 221 of the Flood Control Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-611). This regulation provides guidance regarding Corps of Engineers assistance to applicants for loans of projects with a flood control potential. This regulation summarizes policy and procedures for identifying the costs of meeting improved standards when highways and housing are relocated due to construction of civil works projects. This regulation gives instruction on implementation of Section 103(M) as it applies to flood control projects. This regulation provides policy guidance regarding Corps interests in civil works projects that would directly serve a single entity. This regulation provides policy and guidance for participation in urban flood damage reduction projects. This regulation sets guidance for USACE implementation of Order 11988, Floodplain Management, as it pertains to civil works projects in design and construction. This regulation provides guidance for the establishment of wetland areas. This regulation establishes guidelines and procedures for application of Section 104 of Public Law 99-662. Engineering and Construction Bulletins The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) will use this directive and guidance for commands responsible for planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance of civil works projects. The procedures are general in nature and can be applied to any phase of study, as directed by Engineer Regulation (ER) 1110-2-1150. The level of detail in the overtopping analysis will depend on the study phase. This document is applicable for all USACE riverine levee and floodwall systems. This Engineering and Construction Bulletin (ECB) provides an interim update to expired technical guidance Engineer Technical Letter (ETL) 1110-2-299 and provides a methodology for configuring the engineered capacity exceedance related to flood overtopping at a specific location or locations along the levee system. This guidance does not address overtopping of the entire system on those occasions when the overall system capacity is exceeded. This ECB has expired and was updated by ECB 2019-8. Guidance Memos This memorandum addresses the requirement to perform mitigation when proposed USACE flood-risk reduction projects increase the Base (1-percent-annual-chance) Flood Elevation (BFE). National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) regulations (44 C.F.R. 65.12) require revisions to flood insurance rate maps to reflect BFE and/or floodway changes caused by encroachments permitted by an NFIP participating community. IWR Reports The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management (NNBF Guidelines) is a collaborative consolidated guide meant to advance and revolutionize sustainable infrastructure and flood risk management solutions. Memorandums of Agreement and Understanding This Memorandum of Agreement between the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Department of the Army underscores the policy of both agencies to facilitate the use of non-structural approaches to reducing flood damages where practicable, and that the construction of levees on Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) lands is incompatible with open space uses and, therefore, will not be recommended for implementation. The restriction on levee construction generally does not apply to structures designed specifically for ecosystem preservation, restoration, or enhancement. Structures for these purposes are deemed consistent with the open space uses requirement of the HMGP. Planning Bulletins This Planning Bulletin provides information on the use of life safety in the planning process. Risks to human life are a fundamental component of all facets of flood and coastal storm risk management and must receive explicit consideration throughout the planning process. The bulletin augments, but does not supersede, the procedures in Engineer Regulation 1105-2-100, Planning Guidance Notebook and Engineer Regulation 1105-2-101, Risk Assessment for Flood Risk Management Studies. This document applies to all flood and coastal storm risk management feasibility studies, including those conducted under the Continuing Authorities Program and studies conducted by non-federal interests under Section 203 of WRDA 1986, as amended. Note: the POC for the Dam and Levee Senior Oversight Groups is Brad Arcement, MVK. Guidance Memos This memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) (ASA(CW)) articulates Army policy: "It is the policy of the Army to encourage floodplain restoration, as it encourages community resilience and provides benefits to both the ecosystem and human wellbeing. The use of levee set-backs, along with other measures to increase and enhance floodplains, is encouraged in aquatic ecosystem restoration projects. It is also the policy of the Army not to increase flood risks or decrease life safety without sufficient justification. When formulating restoration projects that propose restoring floodplains, the Corps should use the existing level of flood risk as the formulation baseline. If any changes to the baseline are recommended, then the Corps should demonstrate the rationale for the increase or decrease in the level of flood risk management. If the level of flood risk associated with an ecosystem restoration project is decreased, then the risk reduction increment above the baseline must be cost effective and incrementally justified. If the level of flood risk is increased as a result of ecosystem restoration, then the Corps must mitigate any induced damages as part of the restoration project." In the memo, the ASA(CW) concurs with the recommendation that the implementation of setback levees are a necessary project feature of the recommended plan to mitigate for induced flooding, and without moving the levees, minimal to no restoration benefits are achievable that meet the planning objective. This memo describes how USACE Flood Risk Management (FRM) activities, projects, and programs currently consider resilience. The memo highlights work already underway within USACE to identify ways to further actualize resilience throughout the FRM project life cycle and encourages resilience-focused thinking when discussing FRM-related community needs, while aligning with the USACE FRM mission of reducing the threat to life and property from flooding and coastal storms.
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